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CASE STUDIES
the major hindrances to services in the mission in streetlight systems of cities
municipal energy efficiency cities of JNNURM. ICLEI in results into huge energy
programmes include association with National consumption (due to poor
(Deshpande and Kulkarni Institute of Urban Affairs electric devices, especially
2011): (i) priority conflict due (NIUA) implemented some that of incandescent/photo-
to several functions rendered interventions towards luminescent lamps) by the
by municipal government adopting clean efficient system. As public utilities/
(ii) subsidised energy tariffs technologies so as to reduce electricity boards no longer
make municipal governments carbon emissions (Ghorpade consider municipal bodies as
go slow o energy efficiency and Bhagavatula 2011). public/charitable institutions,
measures (iii) lack of they are charged with
budgetary allocations for Energy efficiency in commercial power tariffs,
energy efficiency (rather, streetlight systems which leads to huge energy
budgets provide for increased Amongst all components bills.
spending on various of physical infrastructure
expenditure heads) (iv) lack of cities, streetlights are Most of the municipalities
of technical expertise to an important component source energy from the
manage energy efficiency in terms of linkages with State Electricity Boards for
programmes effectively (v) climate change and energy operating their energy cost
complexity of projects and efficiency. Streetlight centres i.e., pumping system,
lack of social awareness as systems were traditionally lighting and electrical system.
well as political support. designed and developed Electricity is drawn from the
to provide illumination grid via a sub-station, and
ICLEI (2012) made a study benefits to citizens that aids then it is either stepped up
of 42 Indian cities and 12 transportation, individual or down according to the
cities from other countries in safety and neighbourhood requirements and is used
South Asian region. It shows safety. Most of the streetlight for operating motors and for
that carbon emission levels systems were developed and lighting. The lighting system
in most Indian cities even installed long time ago with for a municipal body varies
today are extremely low prevalent technology - be it with reference to the city,
when compared to developed lamp posts, energy cables but the following types of
countries, but the scenario and street lamps – which is lamps are used for lighting
will change in the event of inefficient in terms of energy the roads and public places
rapid population growth consumption. governed by municipal
and the rising need for government (Krishnamurthy
urban infrastructure services, As old conventional and Gokul 2011). The wattage
especially when a large streetlight systems are and lumens variance of some
proportion of the population is operated manually and different lamps are given in
yet to access basic services and controlled locally by the Table 1.
infrastructure amenities. The municipal staff/ contractual
Urban Climate Programme workers, they are prone (i) High pressure sodium
(UCP) was started as a joint to negligence that results vapour (HPSV) lamps
effort to integrate clean in poor performance e.g., (ii) Fluorescent tube lights
and efficient measures into wastage due to day time (FTLs)
the development planning glowing, quick malfunction
of urban infrastructure of lamps etc. The inefficiency (iii) Mercury vapour lamps
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